Determination of Selenium in Environmental Samples Using Hydride Generation Coupled to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

A hydride technology coupled to atomic absorption spectroscopy HGAAS technique is offered for the willpower of Selenium content material in soil samples, alfalfa, animal feed, and water samples. The selenium distribution was studied in various locations in Zawia metropolis. The studied regions had been divided to seven one of a kind zones. The samples were digested in a aggregate of mineral acid (HNO3, HCL, HCLO4 and H2O2). The Selenium detail in acidified pattern solution was decreased immediately through treating it with Sodium borohydride (NaBH4), the steel hydride changed into added to the atomizer of AAS via inert service gasoline (N2, He). The device used for the era of hydride changed into home built in the analytical lab and a batch method changed into carried out. The analytical parameters had been optimized for the duration of the analytical process to offer standard sensitivity (zero.0055 pg/g). The Atomic Absorbance profile changed into recorded for all measured samples; the obtained signal profiles display smooth peaks. 

 

The Absorption fee at the peak top changed into used as a basis for the analytical calculations. A calibration curve of general selenium concentrations in opposition to absorbance became plotted and used to determine the selenium attention in each sample. Soil samples were analysed by using (HGAAS) for dedication of attention of selenium consequences are stated for all the studied zones, some zones did now not surpassed the said essential toxicity values (1.zero-5.zero pg/g), however another zones are relativity excessive (5.6-five.9 pg/g). The Selenium content material in alfalfa from special zones is particularly low within the variety of (zero.7 to2.20 pg/g). Concentrations of selenium in some animal feed samples are exceedingly low and displaying deficiencies (0.sixty two-zero.71 pg/ g), but different samples are particularly high and were close to the lower limits for high dose (1.41-1.98 ng/g).

Theoretical Study of the Radical Scavenging Potencies of the Metabolites of Quercetin and Kaempferol

A lot of scientific studies support a protective effect of polyphenols on chronic degenerative diseases. Initially this effect was attributed to the radical scavenging properties of these compounds but nowadays a more complex pattern emerges. Concomitantly with the radical scavenging properties, the in vitro effects exhibit a diminution of oxidative stress by other pathways, in particular metal interaction and inhibition of ROS producing enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase and lipoxygenase. There is also evidence of processes where polyphenols act as signaling molecules. In this pattern, the interaction decreases the inflammatory response of the bodies and thus, the production of ROS. However the in vivo studies are not simple to analyze and can be in contradiction with the in vitro ones. This is due to the fact that polyphenols are metabolized during their absorption in the body. The active molecules are no more the ingested ones.

It has been established that the dietary intake of polyphenols ranges between 0.15 and 1 g a day. Among the polyphenols, the flavonoids have paid a lot of attention because of its numerous properties. Theconsumption of some of them, generally as glycosylated derivatives, can attain 10-100 mg a day. However their levels rarely exceed 1 mM in human plasma. This is the consequence of a strong and complex catabolism during digestion that has been extensively studied by both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Metabolite composition of Tinospera Cordifolia

Plants are considered as one of the main sources of several bioactive compounds that contain many primary metabolites like carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, ascorbic acid etc. These compounds are used in flavouring, perfume production, manufacture of insecticides, sweeteners and natural dyes. Recent biochemical research studies showed that the metabolites isolated from different parts of Tinospora Cordifolia are highly potential candidate for industrial applications.

Medicinal plants form the backbone of Traditional System of medicine in India. Pharmacological studies have acknowledged the value of medicinal plants as potential source of bioactive compounds. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants serve as lead compounds in drug discovery and design. Medicinal plants are rich source of novel drugs that forms the ingredients in Traditional System of medicine, modern medicines, nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates, bioactive principles and lead compounds in synthetic drugs.

Biophysical EPR Studies Applied to Membrane Proteins

Membrane proteins are intermediates to the cells and play an essential role in controlling the cell function, ion movement across a cell, and signal transduction within cell membranes. Genes encoding membrane proteins consists of ~30 % of human and E. coli genomes . Mutations in genes and misfolding of membrane proteins are linked to several human dysfunctions, disorders and diseases, e. g., rhodopsin misfolding causes retinitis pigmentosa, and mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) can cause a potentially fatal disease in children. More than 50% of membrane proteins are potential drug targets .

Detailed structural and dynamic information is very important to understand the proper functions and regulations of membrane proteins. However structure and dynamic information on membrane proteins is still lagging behind those of soluble proteins. Challenges in studying membrane proteins arise due to the hydrophobic nature of membrane proteins making overexpression,purification, and crystallization more difficult and lacking of suitable solubilizing membrane mimetics. Membrane proteins are incorporated into a lipid bilayer in several different fashions or orientations. The membrane bound helices may be short, long, kinked, or interrupted in the middle of the lipid bilayer. They may cross the membrane at different angles, lie flat on membrane surface or form re-entrant loops.

The Structure of Metals and its Influence on Metallic Properties

This article briefly reviews the current model of metallic structure. An alternative model of metallic structure is described. Limitations of the “ions in a sea of electrons/delocalized electrons” model are provided and properties of metals which can be accounted for by the alternative soft-sphere model are discussed. Data from this alternative proposed model that are used to calculate densities, lattice energies, work functions, and internuclear distances are shown to give good agreement with observed values.

The majority of elements that naturally occur on earth are metals. With the exception of mercury, all metals are solids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity and most metals have high densities and are malleable and ductile. Some transition metals are also known to be good heterogenous catalysts. Although it is known that most metals have hexagonal, cubic close packed or body centered cubic structures, metallic structure and properties are not fully understood.

Correlation of Serum Ferritin with Components of Metabolic Syndrome

Raised serum ferritin levels are connected with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetic stage, metabolic disorder (Mets) and cardiovascular risk. The relationship between Serum ferritin and HbA1c levels with individual parts of metabolic disorder andoverweight are indistinct. Objectives: The present study was intended to explore the relationship between serum ferritin levels, fasting Blood glucose levels, waist Hip proportion, fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile in previously analyzed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, recently analyzed patients, disabled fasting glucose subjects and healthy subjects and relationship among iron stores, the metabolic disorder, and insulin resistance in premenopausal ladies, postmenopausal ladies and men. 

Subjects and methods: 1058 members incorporated into this study out of them 365 patients with previously analyzed type 2 diabetes mellitus having poorglycemic control and great glycemic control, 144 patients with recently analyzed type 2 diabetes mellitus, 189 members with impaired fasting glucose levels and 360 healthy members. Fasting blood glucose, Serum ferritin, serum insulin, HbA1c abdomen hip proportion, and lipid parameters were evaluated and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was figured. Results: Dichotomizing ferritin fixation into <300 and >300 ng/ml for men and <150 and >150 ng/ml for ladies, the odd proportions for recently analyzed diabetes were 4.94 (95% CI 3.05-8.01) for men 3.61 (2.01-6.48) for ladies. Every one of various straight relapse coefficients between ferritin fixation and centralization of insulin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were sure and huge for men and postmenopausal ladies. Conclusion: On premise of present studies results, it is concluded that hyperferritinaemia and iron over-load might be the essential causer of insulin resistance and metabolic disorder before obvious type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Analysis of Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial activity of Tridax procumbens Linn

The aim of the present study was to examine the phytochemistry and bioactive nature of Tridax procumbens. The ethanol, benzene and petroleum ether extracts of dried foundations of this plant were researched for phytochemistry and antibacterial examination. The antibacterial movement was assessed against various bacterial strains viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flaxineri by distinguishing zone of hindrance. The zone of inhibition was contrasted and standard circles of Gentamicin. From these concentrates, two of them (ethanolic and pet-ether extricates) uncovered critical results when contrasted with benzene remove. The subjective examination uncovered the nearness of flavonoids, pholabatannins, gums, tannins, phenols, lipids and fats and sugars.

Tridax procumbens is employed as indigenous medicine for a variety of ailments. It has been extensively used in Indian traditional medicine for wound healing, as anticoagulant, antifungal and insect repellent, in diarrhea and dysentery. Leaf extracts are used to treat infectious skin diseases in folk medicines. It is also dispensed as ‘Bhringraj’ which is well known Ayurveda medicine for liver disorders.

Impact of Biofield Treatment on Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Properties of p-Nitroaniline

Para nitroaniline (p-Nitroaniline) is an organic compound, used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals drugs, gasoline and dyes. The present study was attempted to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on p-nitroaniline. The study was performed in two groups i.e., control andtreatment. The treatment group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. The control and treated samples of p-nitroaniline were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Aromatic amines are very important in biology and chemical industry. Particularly aniline and its derivatives are being used as antioxidants, and in productionof dyes and pesticides. Additionally, the aromatic amines are also used as intermediate in the synthesis of several pharmaceutical drugs including acetaminophen, nadifloxacin, difloxacin, sarafloxacin, flumequin, cisapride, bicalutamide, brequinar, sorbinil etc.