A Concise Review on Biological Activity of Tridax procumbens Linn

Tridax procumbens Linn belongs to the family asteraceae. The extracts of Tridax procumbens have been used as indigenous medicine for a variety of ailments. It has been extensively used in Indian traditional medicine for wound healing, as anticoagulant, antifungal and insect repellent, in diarrhea and dysentery. Leaf extracts are used to treat infectious skin diseases in folk medicines. It is also dispensed as ‘Bhringraj’ which is well known ayurvedicmedicine for liver disorders. 

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory properties have also been demonstrated. Plants have strong ability to synthesize aromatic substances, most of which are phenols or their oxygen substituted derivatives which are mostly secondary metabolites. At least 12,000 have been isolated, a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total. These substances serve as plant defense mechanisms against predation by microbes, insects, herbivores. Some terpenoids are plant pigment, some are plant flavoring agents and some are having medicinal properties.(Read more)

Synthesis and Investigation of New Different Pyrimidine-Thiones

The need for the new researches for raising the efficiency of in the development of the petrochemical and medical industry is noticeable. Especially, there is a specific fundamental and applicable issue in science that the approach on a scientific direction in their solution does not justify itself and is not achieved satisfactory results for many years. The need for a complex scientific approach arises for such issues and the most successful scientific results of recent years are found in the research of the intersection of science with the multidisciplinary approach. 

From this point of view, as a result of the most recent studies conducted in the Institute of Chemistry of Additives of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, it was determined that, biocide additives synthesized at the institute shows biological (physiological) activity in other areas too, in addition to protect the oil products from the microbiological damage. For instance, amino ethanol and some derivatives of amino alcohols synthesized by the employees of Institute shows the properties of anesthetic and terminal anesthesia for the mucous membranes of the eye. The studies were conducted at the first Moscow State Medical Institute named after Sechenov IM. These substances are 7 times greater compared to the widely-used “xycain”, according to its activity.

A Concise Review on Biological Activity of Tridax procumbens Linn

Tridax procumbens is a species of flowering plant belonging to family asteraceae and is the most potent species among 30 species. It is best known as widespread weed and pest plant. It is native to the tropical Americas but it has been introduced to tropical, subtropical and mild temperate regions worldwide. It is listed as a noxious weed in the United States and has a pest status. Some of the medicinally important species of the genus Tridax are: T. angustifolia, T. serboana, T. bicolor, T. accedens, T. dubia, T. erecta and T. rosea.

The plant bears white or yellow flowers with three toothed ray florets. The leaves are toothed and generally anchor shaped. Its fruit is hard achene covered with stiff hairs and having a feathery, plume like white pappus at one end. Calyx is represented by scales or reduced to pappus.

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some Novel Fused Nicotinonitrile Derivatives

Pyridine nucleus and their fused heterocyclic systems have attracted a great deal of interest over the years . Furthermore, pyridine is one of the most popular N-heteroaromatics incorporated into the structure of many pharmaceuticals. Among these, cyanopyridines (nicotinonitriles) with different alkyl and arylgroups were found to have antihypertensive antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic properties antimicrobial, cardiotonic, anticancer activity as well as 1KK-b inhibitor properties. 

Additionally, there is much interest in the anticancer activity of these compounds owing to different types of biological targets they might interfere with for this effect to occur e.g., PDE3, PIM1 Kinase, and Survivin protein. In view of the previous applications andcontinuation of our previous work on chemistry and pharmaceutical activity on nicotinonitrile derivatives we aim to use 4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3- carbonitrile as building blocks for the synthesis of some new family of fused heterocyclic compounds incorporating pyridine moiety with the hope to possess better anticancer activity.

 

Synthesis and Characterization of Deshydroxy Posaconazole

A general scheme is set for the estimation of the impurities in bulk drug substances by the rational use of chromatographic, spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The various parameters to be fulfilled in an impurity profiling of drug substances are discussed. Impurity is definedas any substance coexisting with the original drug, such as starting materialor intermediates or these formed, due to any side reactions. The presence of these unwanted chemicals, even in small amounts, may influence the efficacy and safety of the pharmaceutical products. Impurity profiling (i.e., the identity as well as the quantity of impurity in the pharmaceuticals), is now gaining critical attention from regulatory authorities. 

The different Pharmacopoeias, such as the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), United States Pharmacopeia (USP), and Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) are slowly incorporating limits for allowable levels of impurities present in the APIs or formulations. The process-relatedimpurities in an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can have a significantimpact on the quality and safety of the drug products. The impurity levels in any drug substance are described as per its biological or toxicological data. It is quite important for “regulatory” aspect of drug approval to provide limitation of “related impurities.” Therefore, it is necessary to study the impurity profile of any API and control it during the manufacturing of a drug product.

A Review of Fatty Acids and Genetic Characterization of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seed Oil

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a member of the Compositae family; it has been cultivated around the world for centuries, mainly as a source of edible oil and dyes. India, the USA, Mexico, Australia, and Ethiopia are the largest producersof safflower for oil extraction, and these countries account for 85% of theworld’s safflower production. Other important safflower-producing countries are China, Kazakhstan, Argentina, Uzbekistan, and the Russian Federation. As safflower is more drought and salt tolerant than other oil seed crops, it is especially suitable for the dry and salty areas where other oil seeds are difficult to grow. The fatty acid composition of a vegetable oil determines its best commercial uses. 

Safflower has been used for centuries as a kind of ornamental plant, as medicinal plant, and as cosmetic material in China. Safflower seed oil with its high linoleic acid content was once largely used in the preparation of alkyd resins for paints and varnishes. Currently, in view of its reported role in reducing blood cholesterol levels, it is being utilized as premium edible oil. It also may be a potential raw material for vegetable oil-based liquid fuel production in the near future. Safflower oil, due to itshigh oleic acid content, has become a widely used frying oil because of itshigh stability and bland flavor. In this review, after illustrating the fatty acid composition of safflower seed oil as well as the genetic characteristics of safflower and their relationships with agronomic traits, a brief analysis of the current worldwide situation and future prospects of safflower utilization are presented.

Theoretical Study of the Radical Scavenging Potencies of the Metabolites of Quercetin and Kaempferol

A lot of scientific studies support a protective effect of polyphenols on chronic degenerative diseases. Initially this effect was attributed to the radical scavenging properties of these compounds but nowadays a more complex pattern emerges. Concomitantly with the radical scavenging properties, the in vitro effects exhibit a diminution of oxidative stress by other pathways, in particular metal interaction and inhibition of ROS producing enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase and lipoxygenase. There is also evidence of processes where polyphenols act as signaling molecules. In this pattern, the interaction decreases the inflammatory response of the bodies and thus, the production of ROS. However the in vivo studies are not simple to analyze and can be in contradiction with the in vitro ones. This is due to the fact that polyphenols are metabolized during their absorption in the body. The active molecules are no more the ingested ones.

It has been established that the dietary intake of polyphenols ranges between 0.15 and 1 g a day. Among the polyphenols, the flavonoids have paid a lot of attention because of its numerous properties. Theconsumption of some of them, generally as glycosylated derivatives, can attain 10-100 mg a day. However their levels rarely exceed 1 mM in human plasma. This is the consequence of a strong and complex catabolism during digestion that has been extensively studied by both in vitro and in vivo experiments.