Pharmacological Potential of Benzamide Analogues and their Uses in Medicinal Chemistry

Benzamide is a carbonic acid amide of benzoic acid. Amide is a group of organic chemicals with the general formula RCO-NH2 in which a carbon atom is attached to oxygen in double bond and also attached to an hydroxyl group, where ‘R’ groups range from hydrogen to various linear and ring structures or a compound with a metal replacing hydrogen in ammonia such as sodium amide, NaNH2- Amides are divided into subclasses according to the number of substituents on nitrogen. The primary amide is formed by replacementof the carboxylic hydroxyl group by the NH2, amino group. An example is acetamide (acetic acid+amide). Amide is obtained by reaction of an acid chloride, acid anhydride, or ester with an amine.

Amides are named with adding ‘-ic acid’ or ‘-oic acid’ from the name of the parent carboxylic acid and replacing it with the suffix ‘amide’. Amide can be formed from ammonia (NH3). The secondary and tertiary amides are the compounds in which one or bothhydrogens in primacy amides are replaced by other groups. The names of secondary and tertiary amides are denoted by the replaced groups with the prefix capital N (meaning nitrogen) prior to the names of parent amides. Low molecular weight amides are soluble in water due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Primary amides have higher melting and boiling points than secondary and tertiary amides.