Evaluation of Trihalomethanes Levels in Gharbiya Governorates Drinking Water

Chlorination is the most accepted disinfectant throughout the world because of its economical availability and effectiveness against the waterborne pathogens. Chlorination worked effectively against the microorganisms and provide safeguard against several waterborne diseases on theother hand, it reacts with natural organic matters (NOMs) to form disinfectionby-products (DBPs). Studies have shown a relationship between long-term exposure to DBPs and increase risk of cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the most abundant DBPs .

THMs constitute a major class of DBPs, including chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHCl2Br), chlorodibromomethane (CHClBr2) and bromoform (CHBr3). Since THMs concentration in water is a serious health concern and United States, European Union (EU) and World HealthOrganization (WHO) regulated THMs in public water supplies. Several factors in addition to NOMs influenced the formation of THMs including the nature of source water, amount and time of contact of chlorine, levels of total organic compounds (TOC), temperature and pH etc.

Evaluation and Quantification of Some Trace Elements in Drinking Water by ICP-OES

Water is an essential component for life and an important source of intake of trace elements in humans. Therefore, its quality is of great importance to human health. In Turabah province (Saudi Arabia) Local factories of water treatment are small simple units consist usually of sand filters, carbon filters and ion exchange resin. The resource of the water forthese local factories is wells in the valley of Turabah. No daily quality control tests for following up the quality of water in these factories, most of the people used the water produced by local factories in cooking, were some of them used it for drinking. 

The quality of drinking-water is a powerful environmental determinant of health; groundwater which the source of the drinking water inTurabah province contains major ions of the trace metals and other toxicpollutants. All TEs are toxic if consumed at sufficiently high levels for long enough periods. The difference between toxic intakes and optimal intakes to meet physiological needs for essential trace elements is great for some elements but it is much smaller for others.