Toxic discharges from industries lead to several
detrimental effects on human health and environment. India is one of thedeveloping countries having huge natural resources with emerging industrialavenues for satisfying the growing demands of ever-increasing population. Along
with 48.83% arable land, India has significant sources of coal (fourthlargest
reserves in the world), bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds,
petroleum, and limestone. According to the 2008 Ministry of Mines estimates:
'India has stepped up its production to reach the second rank among the
chromite producers of the world. Besides, India ranks 3rd in production of coal
and lignite, 2nd in barites, 4th in iron ore, 5th in bauxite and crude steel,
7th in manganese ore and 8th in aluminum. India accounts for 12% of the world's
known and economically available thorium.
It is the world's largest producer
and exporter of mica, accounting for almost 60 percent of the net mica
production in the world as per the data obtained from Annual Report
(2007-2008), Ministry of Mines, Government of India, National Informatics
Centre. Effect of mining activities on environment is provided in the box given
below as obtained from Sustainable development Networking Programme (SNDP-New
Delhi) Huge quantities of pollutants from industrial and mining activitiesdegrade our environment to a great extent. Emission of heavy metals though anthropogenic
activities like mining, fossil fuel combustion, application of phosphate
fertilizers, military activities and natural processes such as volcanic
eruptions, continental dust etc. lead to accumulation of these chemicals in
environment.
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